?In most studies of the heart, researchers have focused on the more-easily-imaged left ventricle, the region of the heart affected by systemic high blood pressure and other common conditions,? said study author Steven Kawut, M.D., M.S., associate professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and director of the Pulmonary Vascular Disease Program at Penn. ?But we know from the results of this study and previous work that focusing attention on the right ventricle (RV) is critical in our understanding of many conditions of the heart and lungs. This research revealed that approximately one in 10 heart failure events and cardiovascular deaths may be attributed to thickening of the RV in adults without clinical cardiovascular disease at baseline.? The researchers examined cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images of the right ventricles of 4,144 men and women, average age 61, participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The MESA is a multicenter research project tracking the development of cardiovascular disease in 6,814 Caucasians, African-Americans, Hispanics and Chinese-Americans who did not have clinically-diagnosed heart disease at the beginning of the study. Participants with RV hypertrophy (or abnormal thickening of the RV) had double the risk of heart failure or death compared to those with normal RV size. This association persisted after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, education, smoking status, and other clinical indicators. This relationship was strongest in those with average or lower left ventricular mass. ?These findings run counter to the traditional belief that for otherwise-healthy adults, the RV plays a limited role in clinical heart failure,? said Kawut, who is also a member of the Penn Cardiovascular Institute. ?The strong association our study found warrants further studies of the role of the RV in contributing to the risk of adverse outcomes. The MESA has repeated CMR images in these same participants ten years later, so our next goals are to understand the changes in the RV over time and how this tracks with how adults feel, function, and survive.? This work was funded by several National Institutes of Health grants and contracts including R01-HL086719, R01-HL077612, K24- HL103844, and N01-HC95159 through N01-HC95169. ### Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.3 billion enterprise. The Perelman School of Medicine is currently ranked #2 in U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $479.3 million awarded in the 2011 fiscal year. The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania -- recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report; Penn Presbyterian Medical Center; and Pennsylvania Hospital ? the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Penn Medicine also includes additional patient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region. WUSTL autism expert Shattuck mentored new study
A new study suggests an estimated 46.3 percent of adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were the victims of bullying, according to a report published this week in the American Medical Association?s Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
The study originated at the Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis and is part of a pioneering program of research on adolescents and adults with autism led by Paul T. Shattuck, PhD, assistant professor. Lead author Paul Sterzing, PhD, assistant professor at the School of Social Welfare of the University of California, Berkeley, completed this study while he was a student at the Brown School.
?Ever more children are being diagnosed with autism,? Shattuck says. ?Yet we know so little about what life looks like for teens and young adults with autism. The evidence base is very poorly developed.?
?This is one of several studies from our project here at Washington University that is breaking new ground by using national-level data to provide answers to this pressing national-level problem.?
Bullying involves negative actions toward a peer and is characterized by a power imbalance ? physical, social or cognitive ? between the victim and the perpetrator. Until now, relatively little research has examined bullying involvement among adolescents with an ASD.
The study used nationally representative survey data to identify the prevalence of bullying involvement, compare prevalence rates of bullying involvement with adolescents with developmental disabilities that overlap with the core deficits of an ASD, and identify the social ecological correlates of bullying involvement.
The prevalence of bullying involvement for adolescents with an ASD was 46.3 percent for victimization and was ?substantially higher? than the national prevalence estimates for the general adolescent population (10.6 percent).?
The rates of perpetration of bullying (14.8 percent) and victimization/perpetration (8.9 percent, i.e. those who perpetrate and are victimized), were about equivalent to national estimates found among typically developing adolescents, according to the study results.
?Spending more time in a general education setting ? as opposed to a segregated special education classroom ? was associated with a higher rate of being bullied,? Shattuck says. ?Schools need to work harder at the successful integration of students with disabilities.
?However, much of the burden for being proactive typically falls on parents. They need to band together and demand plans and policies for fostering the positive inclusion of students with disabilities, training of staff and teachers on bullying prevention, and more general interventions with all students to promote a healthy, violence-free school climate,? Shattuck says.
This study was supported by funding to Shattuck from Autism Speaks and the National Institute of Mental Health.
To read the full article, click here.
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